The Ummayads
Ummayad Empire reign-661 CE-750 CE
The Ummayds took over the Sultanate after Muwayiah(RA),
when it was passed to his son Yazid I.
We will not go to the details of this ruler who did many injustices as this is
not the subject. We want to know who are the Ummayds and their relation to the Quraysh.
Quraysh was descended from Adnan.
We go to the root. Prophet Ibrahim (AS) had two sons
and they are Ismail (AS) and Ishaq(AS).
For non-Muslim readers:
|
Name
|
OT
Equivalent |
Note |
|
Ibrahim |
Abraham |
|
|
Ismail |
Ishmael |
|
|
Ishaq |
Isaac |
|
|
Qedar |
Kedar |
|
|
AS |
|
Alaihu Salam’-Peace be upon him
(In Arabic-Islam) |
Prophet Ismail (AS) had twelve sons (according to the Islamic
perspective). Except for two all others died.
The two are:
1. Nabat
2. Qedar
Nabet‘s descendants were the Nabateans, guess the last
part, the suffix was added by historians. I always wondered the origin of the
name. They were known for a flourishing great civilization which will be
discussed later.
Now Qedar had a son called Adnan and his son
Maa’d. Adnan was the 21st
grandfather of the prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
We are not going in exact genealogy. To make it shorter
Maad’ descendant was Fahr bin Malik ibn Kinana who was known as Quraysh.
The Quran says and we Muslims as kids have read many times:
Surah Quraysh
1. (It is a great Grace and Protection from Allah), for
the taming of the Quraysh
2. (And with all those Allah's Grace and Protections for
their taming, We cause) the (Quraysh) caravans to set forth safe in winter (to
the south), and in summer (to the north without any fear),
3. So let them worship (Allah) the Lord of this House
(the Ka'bah in Makkah).
4. (He) Who has fed them against hunger, and has made
them safe from fear.
The
superiority of the Quraysh for Muslims can be seen from the fact their name is
in the Quran.
Sons of Quraysh
Now
grandson of Quraysh had two sons:
Ka’b
Amr.
Figure 1partial
genealogy of Banu Hashim
Umayyah’s grandson was Abu Sufyan(RA). The rivalry existed at the of Hashim since
Abd Shams were envious of the fact Hashim got rights of Kaaba at Makkah and supported
what is right and just. Uthman bin Affan(RA) comes from the
family of Ummyah. His father Affan was the paternal 1st cousin of
Abu Sufyian.
Abu Jahl was from the Banu Makhzum tribe and paternal uncle
of Khalid bin Walid. He presented a lot of opposition and hate towards the
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
Hazrat
Muwiyah accepts Islam
After the Hudibiya treaty, Muwiyah(RA) accepted Islam
but it was kept secret until the conquest of Makkah. He was the son of Abu
Sufyan who converted to Islam just before the fall of Makkah. But Muslims
should not get into historical controversies about the Sahaba or companions of
the Prophet.
Muwiyah
I (RA)
After several civil wars and controversies, he becomes absolute
ruler with a financial settlement with Hasan, son of Ali(RA) and grandson of
Prophet Muhammad(pbuh).
He was the first Umayyad ruler and became Caliph after
the demise of Ali(RA).
Achievements of Muwiyah(RA):
·
Pioneer of civilization and urban development
·
Establishment of Arab courts and law bureaus.
·
Founder of Majlis’, the court in
traditional Muslim governance
·
The first postal system
·
The first Arab naval wars
·
Was the first to establish the first agency
in the Muslim world for managing correspondence.
·
First project for codifying Arab culture
and preserving memory.
·
Ordered his servants to write down all dialogues
and accounts that happened in his majlis. Hence the book: "The
Book of the Kings and the News of the Past Generations" by Al Jarhami.
After the passing away of Khalifa Rashidun’
or righteously guided Caliphs one name comes is of Caliph Umar II as righteous.
He was the grandson of the second Caliph of Islam Umar I. (maternal
grandfather). The complete name is Umar bin Abdul Aziz.
We will continue this series since it
is long. Subscribe to our blog for interesting Muslima and Asian culture.
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